{"product_id":"black-baseball-entrepreneurs-1860-1901-operating-by-any-means-necessary-paperback","title":"Black Baseball Entrepreneurs, 1860-1901: Operating by Any Means Necessary - Paperback","description":"\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cp style=\"text-align: right;\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/reportcopyrightinfringement.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eReport copyright infringement\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cp\u003eby \u003cb\u003eMichael E. Lomax\u003c\/b\u003e (Author)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHere is the first in-depth account of the birth of black baseball and its dramatic passage from grass-roots venture to commercial enterprise. In the late nineteenth century resourceful black businessmen founded ball teams that became the Negro Leagues. Racial bias aside, they faced vast odds, from the need to court white sponsors to negotiating ball parks. With no blacks in cities, they barnstormed small towns to attract fans, employing all manner of gimmickry to rouse attention. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eDrawing on major newspapers and obscure African-American journals, the author explores the diverse forces that shaped minority baseball. He looks unflinchingly at prejudice in amateur and pro circles and constant inadequate press coverage. He assesses the impact of urbanization, migration, and the rise of northern ghettoes, and he applauds those bold innovators who forged black baseball into a parallel club that appealed to\u003cbr\u003ewhites yet nurtured a uniquely African American playing style. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eThis was black baseball's finest hour: at once a source of great ethnic pride and a hard won pathway for integration into the mainstream.\u003ch3\u003eAuthor Biography\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMichael E. Lomax\u003c\/b\u003e is associate professor of sport history in the Department of Health and Human Physiology at the University of Iowa. He is the author of \u003ci\u003eBlack Baseball Entrepreneurs, \u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003e1902-1931: The Negro National and Eastern Colored Leagues.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n            \u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNumber of Pages:\u003c\/strong\u003e 272\u003c\/div\u003e\n            \u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions:\u003c\/strong\u003e 0.69 x 8.18 x 5.9 IN\u003c\/div\u003e\n            \u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIllustrated:\u003c\/strong\u003e Yes\u003c\/div\u003e\n            \u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePublication Date:\u003c\/strong\u003e April 01, 2003\u003c\/div\u003e\n            ","brand":"BooksCloud","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52618370810163,"sku":"9780815607861","price":28.55,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0300\/5595\/6612\/files\/MEQzaUhRQUZHOFdsKzRNOExxZ1Zudz09.webp?v=1761904687","url":"https:\/\/www.vysn.com\/products\/black-baseball-entrepreneurs-1860-1901-operating-by-any-means-necessary-paperback","provider":"VYSN","version":"1.0","type":"link"}