{"product_id":"mutual-aid-paperback-2","title":"Mutual Aid - Paperback","description":"\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cp style=\"text-align: right;\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/reportcopyrightinfringement.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eReport copyright infringement\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cp\u003eby \u003cb\u003ePeter Kropotkin\u003c\/b\u003e (Author)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eMutual Aid\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePeter Kropotkin\u003c\/strong\u003e initially published the chapters of \u003cstrong\u003eMutual Aid\u003c\/strong\u003e as individual essays in the intellectual periodical \u003cstrong\u003eThe Nineteenth Century\u003c\/strong\u003e over the course of six years. In \u003cstrong\u003e1902\u003c\/strong\u003e the essays were published as a book.In it, Kropotkin explores the role of mutually-beneficial cooperation across both animal and human societies. He begins by outlining how animals, both within and across species, thrive not through individual fitness, but rather through mutual cooperation. He then extends the breadth of his study to ancient human societies across generations and nations, until arriving at modern society, which he suggests has largely dispensed with the ancient benefits of mutual aid in favor of private property, capitalism, and social Darwinism.Though more of a philosophical work than a scientific work, many of Kropotkin's observations of the animal kingdom are considered to be scientifically accurate today, with \u003cstrong\u003eDouglas H. Boucher\u003c\/strong\u003e calling \u003cstrong\u003eMutual Aid\u003c\/strong\u003e a precursor to the theory of biological altruism.As a philosophical work \u003cstrong\u003eMutual Aid\u003c\/strong\u003e, along with his other work \u003cstrong\u003eThe Conquest\u003c\/strong\u003e of Bread, is recognized as a foundational text of the anarcho-communist political \u003cem\u003ephilosophy\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eMutual Aid\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePeter Kropotkin\u003c\/strong\u003e initially published the chapters of \u003cstrong\u003eMutual Aid\u003c\/strong\u003e as individual essays in the intellectual periodical \u003cstrong\u003eThe Nineteenth Century\u003c\/strong\u003e over the course of six years. In \u003cstrong\u003e1902\u003c\/strong\u003e the essays were published as a book.In it, Kropotkin explores the role of mutually-beneficial cooperation across both animal and human societies. He begins by outlining how animals, both within and across species, thrive not through individual fitness, but rather through mutual cooperation. He then extends the breadth of his study to ancient human societies across generations and nations, until arriving at modern society, which he suggests has largely dispensed with the ancient benefits of mutual aid in favor of private property, capitalism, and social Darwinism.Though more of a philosophical work than a scientific work, many of Kropotkin's observations of the animal kingdom are considered to be scientifically accurate today, with \u003cstrong\u003eDouglas H. Boucher\u003c\/strong\u003e calling \u003cstrong\u003eMutual Aid\u003c\/strong\u003e a precursor to the theory of biological altruism.As a philosophical work \u003cstrong\u003eMutual Aid\u003c\/strong\u003e, along with his other work \u003cstrong\u003eThe Conquest\u003c\/strong\u003e of Bread, is recognized as a foundational text of the anarcho-communist political \u003cem\u003ephilosophy\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n            \u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNumber of Pages:\u003c\/strong\u003e 378\u003c\/div\u003e\n            \u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions:\u003c\/strong\u003e 0.84 x 9 x 6 IN\u003c\/div\u003e\n            \u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePublication Date:\u003c\/strong\u003e March 02, 2026\u003c\/div\u003e\n            ","brand":"BooksCloud","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53377940291891,"sku":"9791043135545","price":40.68,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0300\/5595\/6612\/files\/wdJ2Zn4ugZ9791043135545.webp?v=1779330427","url":"https:\/\/www.vysn.com\/en-ca\/products\/mutual-aid-paperback-2","provider":"VYSN","version":"1.0","type":"link"}